If a clinician suggests cognitive behavioural therapy or psychodynamic therapy, a useful question is: What would we actually do, and why might it suit the problem I want help with? The name alone does not explain that.
Psychotherapy includes different ways of working with thoughts, feelings, behaviour and relationships to reduce distress and improve daily life1. It may be part of a plan that also includes medicine or other care. This guide explains some differences and helps you discuss them; choosing your own treatment requires an assessment of your needs and preferences.
What changes between approaches?
The focus of sessions, the way you work together and anything you agree to try outside them can differ. A therapist may use one main approach or combine elements within their training and a clear plan. Ask for an example of what you would do rather than relying on a therapy name.
Approach
What does it focus on?
A question to make the work clearer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Understanding links between a situation, your thoughts, feelings and actions, and trying other responses. It usually includes practice between sessions.
“What skill or experiment might we work on, and how would we adapt it to my circumstances?”
Behavioural activation
Exploring links between activity and mood, and planning practical steps when depression has led to withdrawal or reduced activity.
“How can we choose a manageable step rather than a list that exceeds my capacity?”
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Working on relationship and communication difficulties, role changes or loss connected with the problem.
“Which part of my relationships would we focus on, and why?”
Psychodynamic therapy
Exploring feelings and recurring relationship patterns, including connections between earlier experiences and what happens now.
“How would understanding this pattern help with what troubles me today?”
Counselling
Professional support to understand your experiences and feelings and develop your responses and decisions, with a clinician who listens and asks questions.
“How will we identify what I want to work on and review whether it helps?”
For example, someone might describe hesitating to send a work message. In CBT, they could explore what they expect others to do and how that affects their behaviour, then agree on a suitable experiment. Another approach might explore a recurring relationship with authority or fear of rejection. The example illustrates different starting points; this situation alone cannot determine a suitable therapy.
Some therapies have more specific uses
Options for post-traumatic stress disorder include trauma-focused CBT5 and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). A clinician works with the person within a plan to address the effects of traumatic memories. Reading a description is not an invitation to revisit painful memories or perform the procedures yourself.
Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) was developed to treat borderline personality disorder6. It combines acceptance of feelings with changing harmful responses and building skills for emotions and relationships. It is a structured approach with training and programme requirements. Using one DBT exercise does not mean sessions provide a complete DBT programme; ask what is offered and about the clinician’s experience.
You may encounter other names or programmes derived from these approaches. You do not need to memorise them all. What matters is that the clinician can explain the proposal, the evidence for using it for your condition and the alternatives if it does not suit you.
How can you discuss a suitable choice?
Take the questions you need to an appointment:
What problem or goal do you suggest starting with?
Why this approach, and what evidence supports it for this problem?
What training and experience do you have in this treatment and with people in similar circumstances?
What would sessions involve? Is there practice between sessions or group participation?
When will we review the plan, and what changes will we consider?
What are the alternatives if I do not improve or the approach does not suit me?
Might I also need a medical or medication assessment, and who would provide it?
It is reasonable to say, “I prefer practical steps, but my time between sessions is limited,” or “I want to understand my relationships and also need help with daily life.” This helps shape a plan. If the clinician proposes a number of sessions, ask about the estimate1 and when it will be reviewed. A session count does not guarantee a result.
Feeling comfortable talking matters alongside competence and a clear explanation. In Saudi Arabia, you can ask for professional registration details7 and use the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties service to check validity. Training in the proposed therapy remains a separate question.
Start with one direct question: “What would we work on, and why are you suggesting this approach for me?” You are not expected to arrive having already chosen a school of therapy.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main types of psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy includes several approaches: cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which looks at links between a situation, your thoughts, feelings and actions; behavioural activation, which plans practical steps when depression has led to withdrawal; interpersonal therapy (IPT), which works on relationship and communication difficulties; psychodynamic therapy, which explores recurring relationship patterns; and counselling. These are not a ranking, and evidence differs according to the problem being treated.
What is the difference between CBT and psychodynamic therapy?
CBT focuses on understanding links between a situation, your thoughts, feelings and actions, and trying other responses; it usually includes practice between sessions. Psychodynamic therapy explores feelings and recurring relationship patterns, including connections between earlier experiences and what happens now. These are different starting points, and a therapist may combine elements, so ask for an example of what you would actually do rather than relying on a therapy name.
How do I know which type of therapy is right for me?
Choosing your own treatment requires an assessment of your needs and preferences; you are not expected to arrive having already chosen a school of therapy. Start with one direct question: “What would we work on, and why are you suggesting this approach for me?” It is reasonable to share preferences, such as practical steps with limited time between sessions. The clinician should be able to explain the proposal, the evidence for your condition and the alternatives.
What are EMDR and DBT?
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is one option for post-traumatic stress disorder, alongside trauma-focused CBT. A clinician works with the person within a plan; reading about it is not an invitation to perform the procedures yourself. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) was developed to treat borderline personality disorder and combines acceptance of feelings with changing harmful responses and building skills. It is a structured programme, so ask what is offered and about the clinician’s experience.
What should I ask a therapist before starting?
Ask what problem or goal they suggest starting with, why this approach and what evidence supports it, their training and experience, what sessions involve, when you will review the plan, and the alternatives if you do not improve. If they propose a number of sessions, ask about the estimate; a session count does not guarantee a result. In Saudi Arabia, you can check professional registration validity through the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties service.
Content writer and researcher at Tatmeen, working on Arabic and English articles across mental health and everyday life topics, including relationships, stress, work, habits, and family.
Every Tatmeen article is reviewed by care providers licensed by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, so what you read is accurate and trustworthy.
This article builds understanding and does not replace a licensed care provider.
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The name alone does not explain that.</p>\n<p>Psychotherapy includes different ways of working with thoughts, feelings, behaviour and relationships to <a href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reduce distress and improve daily life</a>. It may be part of a plan that also includes medicine or other care. This guide explains some differences and helps you discuss them; choosing your own treatment requires an assessment of your needs and preferences.</p>\n<h2 id=\"article-section-what-changes-between-approaches\" data-toc-heading tabindex=\"-1\"><span id=\"what-changes-between-approaches-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>What changes between approaches?</h2>\n<p>The focus of sessions, the way you work together and anything you agree to try outside them can differ. A therapist may use one main approach or combine elements within their training and a clear plan. Ask for an example of what you would do rather than relying on a therapy name.</p>\n<div class=\"table-block\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Approach</th>\n<th>What does it focus on?</th>\n<th>A question to make the work clearer</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)</td>\n<td>Understanding links between a situation, your thoughts, feelings and actions, and trying other responses. It usually includes practice between sessions.</td>\n<td>“What skill or experiment might we work on, and how would we adapt it to my circumstances?”</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Behavioural activation</td>\n<td>Exploring links between activity and mood, and planning practical steps when depression has led to withdrawal or reduced activity.</td>\n<td>“How can we choose a manageable step rather than a list that exceeds my capacity?”</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Interpersonal therapy (IPT)</td>\n<td>Working on relationship and communication difficulties, role changes or loss connected with the problem.</td>\n<td>“Which part of my relationships would we focus on, and why?”</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Psychodynamic therapy</td>\n<td>Exploring feelings and recurring relationship patterns, including connections between earlier experiences and what happens now.</td>\n<td>“How would understanding this pattern help with what troubles me today?”</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Counselling</td>\n<td>Professional support to understand your experiences and feelings and develop your responses and decisions, with a clinician who listens and asks questions.</td>\n<td>“How will we identify what I want to work on and review whether it helps?”</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table></div>\n<p>These are brief descriptions, not a ranking. <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Evidence and treatment programmes differ</a> according to the <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">problem being treated</a>.</p>\n<p>For example, someone might describe hesitating to send a work message. In CBT, they could explore what they expect others to do and how that affects their behaviour, then agree on a suitable experiment. Another approach might explore a recurring relationship with authority or fear of rejection. The example illustrates different starting points; this situation alone cannot determine a suitable therapy.</p>\n<h2 id=\"article-section-some-therapies-have-more-specific-uses\" data-toc-heading tabindex=\"-1\"><span id=\"some-therapies-have-more-specific-uses-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>Some therapies have more specific uses</h2>\n<p>Options for post-traumatic stress disorder include <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/ptsd-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trauma-focused CBT</a> and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). A clinician works with the person within a plan to address the effects of traumatic memories. Reading a description is not an invitation to revisit painful memories or perform the procedures yourself.</p>\n<p>Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) was <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">developed to treat borderline personality disorder</a>. It combines acceptance of feelings with changing harmful responses and building skills for emotions and relationships. It is a structured approach with training and programme requirements. Using one DBT exercise does not mean sessions provide a complete DBT programme; ask what is offered and about the clinician’s experience.</p>\n<p>You may encounter other names or programmes derived from these approaches. You do not need to memorise them all. What matters is that the clinician can explain the proposal, the evidence for using it for your condition and the alternatives if it does not suit you.</p>\n<h2 id=\"article-section-how-can-you-discuss-a-suitable-choice\" data-toc-heading tabindex=\"-1\"><span id=\"how-can-you-discuss-a-suitable-choice-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>How can you discuss a suitable choice?</h2>\n<p>Take the questions you need to an appointment:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>What problem or goal do you suggest starting with?</li>\n<li>Why this approach, and what evidence supports it for this problem?</li>\n<li>What training and experience do you have in this treatment and with people in similar circumstances?</li>\n<li>What would sessions involve? Is there practice between sessions or group participation?</li>\n<li>When will we review the plan, and what changes will we consider?</li>\n<li>What are the alternatives if I do not improve or the approach does not suit me?</li>\n<li>Might I also need a medical or medication assessment, and who would provide it?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>It is reasonable to say, “I prefer practical steps, but my time between sessions is limited,” or “I want to understand my relationships and also need help with daily life.” This helps shape a plan. If the clinician proposes a number of sessions, <a href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ask about the estimate</a> and when it will be reviewed. A session count does not guarantee a result.</p>\n<p>Feeling comfortable talking matters alongside competence and a clear explanation. In Saudi Arabia, you can ask for <a href=\"https://scfhs.org.sa/en/E-Services/regvaliddescription\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">professional registration details</a> and use the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties service to check validity. Training in the proposed therapy remains a separate question.</p>\n<p>Start with one direct question: “What would we work on, and why are you suggesting this approach for me?” You are not expected to arrive having already chosen a school of therapy.</p>\n"}],"inlineCtaSignatures":[],"_experienceAliases":{"v":1,"fields":["html","bodyHtml"],"faqs":[0,1,2,3,4]}},"createdAt":"2024-01-07T21:00:00.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-30T18:45:37.853Z","disorderGroups":[{"id":"1e82772d-a1a7-4d29-b475-be9d6b67ae02","slug":"common-mental-issues","arName":"اضطرابات نفسية شائعة","enName":"Common Mental Issues"}],"reviewer":{"arFullName":"فريق تطمين","enFullName":"Tatmeen 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